The logistic function is a sigmoid curve that is often used to model the spread of infectious diseases because it captures the initial exponential growth followed by a gradual decline as the population reaches herd immunity.

Image segmentation is a technique used to divide a medical image into distinct regions of interest, which can help in diagnosing diseases, planning treatments, and guiding surgical procedures.

The Hodgkin-Huxley model is a system of differential equations that describes the electrical activity of the heart. It is used to simulate the heart's response to various conditions, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and the effects of drugs.

Bayesian inference is a statistical method that uses Bayes' theorem to update beliefs about the probability of an event based on new evidence. It is used to determine the optimal dosage of a drug by considering the patient's individual characteristics, such as age, weight, and medical history.

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to provide a more precise estimate of the overall effect of a medical treatment. It is used to compare different treatment options and determine which one is most effective.

The reaction-diffusion model is a mathematical model that describes the growth and spread of cancer cells. It is used to simulate the effects of different treatments on cancer cells and predict how the disease will progress.

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a technique used to identify genetic variations that are associated with diseases. It involves comparing the genetic data of individuals with a disease to the genetic data of individuals without the disease to find genetic variations that are more common in the individuals with the disease.

Linear programming is a mathematical method used to optimize the allocation of resources in healthcare systems. It is used to determine how to allocate resources, such as hospital beds and medical equipment, in a way that maximizes the overall benefit to patients.

Causal inference is a statistical technique used to determine the causal effect of an intervention. It is used to analyze the effectiveness of public health interventions by comparing the outcomes of individuals who received the intervention to the outcomes of individuals who did not receive the intervention.

Compartmental models are mathematical models used to simulate the spread of epidemics. They divide the population into different compartments, such as susceptible, infected, and recovered, and use differential equations to describe the flow of individuals between these compartments.

Logistic regression is a statistical technique used to analyze the relationship between medical variables and the risk of developing diseases. It is used to predict the probability of an individual developing a disease based on their medical variables.

Markov decision process (MDP) is a mathematical method used to determine the optimal treatment strategy for a patient based on their individual characteristics and medical history. It is used to model the decision-making process of a physician and find the treatment strategy that maximizes the patient's expected outcome.

Reliability engineering is a mathematical technique used to analyze the effectiveness of medical devices and predict their long-term performance. It is used to determine the probability of a medical device failing over time and to design devices that are safe and reliable.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are mathematical models used to simulate the behavior of the human body and predict its response to various stimuli, such as drugs and environmental factors. They are used to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body.

Hypothesis testing is a statistical technique used to analyze the effectiveness of clinical trials and determine whether a new treatment is safe and effective. It is used to compare the outcomes of individuals who received the new treatment to the outcomes of individuals who received a standard treatment or a placebo.