Economic geography is the study of the relationship between economic activity and the spatial distribution of people and resources.

Climate is not a factor that directly influences the location of economic activity, although it can have an indirect impact through its effects on agriculture and other industries.

Urbanization is the process by which people move from rural areas to urban areas.

Urban areas are typically characterized by high levels of pollution due to the concentration of people and economic activity.

Suburbanization is the process by which urban areas expand into surrounding rural areas.

Affordable housing is not a challenge facing urban areas, as there is typically a high demand for housing in these areas.

Counterurbanization is the process by which people move from urban areas to rural areas.

Natural disasters are not a factor that contributes to the growth of cities, although they can have a negative impact on urban development.

Multiculturalism is the process by which cities become more diverse in terms of their population.

Sprawl is not a characteristic of sustainable cities, as it is associated with increased environmental and social problems.

Agglomeration is the process by which cities become more economically specialized.

Increased congestion is not a benefit of agglomeration, as it can lead to increased travel times and costs.

Integration is the process by which cities become more connected to each other.

High levels of education is not a challenge facing cities in the developing world, as it is typically associated with improved economic and social outcomes.

Resilience is the process by which cities become more resilient to economic and environmental shocks.