Genetic engineering involves the deliberate modification of an organism's genetic material to achieve a desired trait or characteristic.

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing for the manipulation and recombination of genetic material.

Transgenesis involves the introduction of a foreign gene into the genome of an organism, resulting in the expression of that gene and its associated trait.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology that allows for the precise modification of DNA sequences, enabling targeted changes to an organism's genome.

A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Transgenesis involves the transfer of genetic material between different species, allowing for the introduction of new traits or characteristics into an organism.

Genetic engineering in agriculture aims to increase crop yield, improve nutritional value, enhance resistance to pests and diseases, and increase drought tolerance.

Genetic engineering raises ethical concerns related to environmental impact, unintended consequences, loss of biodiversity, and food safety.

Gene therapy involves the use of genetic engineering to treat genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into an organism to correct or compensate for defective genes.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for overseeing the safety of genetically modified organisms in the United States.

Transfection is the process of introducing genetic material into a cell, typically using a vector such as a plasmid or virus.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput technology that allows for the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of DNA.

Genetic modification involves the alteration of an organism's genetic material to produce a desired trait or characteristic.

Conjugation is the process of transferring genetic material between bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact.

Gene editing involves the use of genetic engineering techniques to make precise changes to an organism's genome.