Cybersecurity aims to safeguard digital assets, including information, systems, networks, and devices, from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

Phishing is a type of social engineering attack that attempts to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information or taking actions that compromise their security. Malware, DoS, and MitM are all common types of cyberattacks that target systems and networks.

Cryptography is the practice of using mathematical algorithms to encrypt and decrypt data, ensuring its confidentiality and integrity.

Blockchain technology is characterized by decentralization, transparency, and immutability. Decentralization means that there is no central authority controlling the blockchain, transparency allows all participants to view the entire blockchain, and immutability ensures that once data is added to the blockchain, it cannot be altered.

Hash functions are used in blockchain technology to convert data into a unique and fixed-size string, verify the integrity of data, and create digital signatures.

Blockchain technology has various applications, including cryptocurrencies, supply chain management, voting systems, and more.

A digital signature serves multiple purposes in cybersecurity: it authenticates the identity of a sender, ensures the integrity of a message by detecting any unauthorized changes, and provides non-repudiation, meaning the sender cannot deny sending the message.

Firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and antivirus software are all commonly used defense mechanisms to protect systems and networks from cyberattacks.

Hacking refers to the unauthorized attempt to access or use a computer system or network, often with malicious intent.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files on a victim's computer and demands a ransom payment to decrypt them.

A botnet is a network of computers infected with malware and controlled by a single entity, often used to launch cyberattacks or spread malware.

Encryption is a common method used to protect sensitive data during transmission by converting it into an unreadable format.

Authorization is a security measure that involves restricting access to certain resources or information based on specific criteria, such as user roles or permissions.

A denial-of-service (DoS) attack involves flooding a target system or network with excessive traffic to disrupt its normal operation.

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a security measure that involves monitoring and analyzing system logs and events to detect suspicious activities that may indicate a security breach.