AstroSat is a multi-wavelength space observatory launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2017. It is designed to study dark matter, black holes, and other celestial objects.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who, along with Fred Hoyle, proposed the steady-state theory of the universe. He also played a significant role in the discovery of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies.

The estimated mass of the dark matter halo surrounding the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies is approximately 10¹⁴ M_☉, which is about 10 times the mass of all the visible matter in the cluster.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is a radio telescope located in Pune, India. It is being used to study dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies by observing the gravitational lensing of radio waves.

The main challenge in studying dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies is that it is too faint to be detected directly. Dark matter does not emit or reflect light, so it can only be studied through its gravitational effects on visible matter.

Mordehai Milgrom is an Israeli physicist who proposed the theory of MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) in 1983. MOND is an alternative to the theory of dark matter that attempts to explain the observed discrepancies in the rotation curves of galaxies without the need for dark matter.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a leading expert in the study of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter and its role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO that is planned to study dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. NISAR will use radar technology to measure the gravitational lensing of microwaves by dark matter in the cluster.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a leading expert in the study of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter and its role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO that is planned to study dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. NISAR will use radar technology to measure the gravitational lensing of microwaves by dark matter in the cluster.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a leading expert in the study of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter and its role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO that is planned to study dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. NISAR will use radar technology to measure the gravitational lensing of microwaves by dark matter in the cluster.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a leading expert in the study of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter and its role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO that is planned to study dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. NISAR will use radar technology to measure the gravitational lensing of microwaves by dark matter in the cluster.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astrophysicist and cosmologist who is a leading expert in the study of dark matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of dark matter and its role in the formation and evolution of galaxies.