Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words, including their morphemes and how they are combined to form words.

A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be either a root or an affix.

Derivation is the process of adding affixes to a root word to change its meaning or part of speech.

Inflection is the process of changing the form of a word to indicate its grammatical function, such as tense, number, or case.

Compounding is the combination of two or more words into a single word, such as 'blackboard' or 'bookstore'.

Blending is the process of combining two or more words into a single word without changing their spelling, such as 'smog' (smoke + fog) or 'brunch' (breakfast + lunch).

Syntax is the study of the rules that govern the arrangement of words in a sentence.

A phrase is the basic unit of syntactic structure and consists of a head word and its modifiers.

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.

The subject is the word that comes before the verb in a sentence and performs the action.

The object is the word that comes after the verb in a sentence and receives the action.

The complement is the word that comes after the verb in a sentence and completes the meaning of the verb.

A synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another word.

An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word.

A homonym is a word that has the same spelling and pronunciation as another word but has a different meaning.

A polysemous word is a word that has multiple meanings.