Sign languages are primarily used to enable communication among individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. They provide a visual means of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions, allowing for effective interaction and social engagement.

France is generally acknowledged as the birthplace of the first formal sign language. In the 18th century, the Abbé de l'Épée established a school for deaf children in Paris, where he developed a system of signs and gestures that became the foundation of French Sign Language (LSF).

There are an estimated 2,000 sign languages in the world, each with its own unique vocabulary, grammar, and cultural context. These languages are used by deaf communities in various countries and regions, reflecting the diversity of human communication.

Sign language interpreters play a crucial role in promoting communication accessibility by providing real-time translation between spoken and sign languages. They enable deaf individuals to participate effectively in various settings, such as educational institutions, workplaces, medical appointments, and public events.

Advocacy in the context of sign languages encompasses a range of efforts aimed at raising awareness, promoting inclusion, and advocating for the rights of deaf individuals to use sign languages. It involves educating the public, policymakers, and employers about the significance of sign languages, advocating for their recognition as official languages, and ensuring equal access to education, employment, and public services for deaf individuals.

UNESCO serves as a leading international organization advocating for the rights of deaf people and promoting the use of sign languages. Through its various initiatives and programs, UNESCO works to raise awareness, promote inclusive education, support sign language research, and advocate for the recognition and protection of sign languages as part of cultural heritage.

Native sign language acquisition refers to the process by which deaf children acquire sign language skills in a natural environment, typically from deaf parents or caregivers. This process is similar to how hearing children acquire spoken language, and it involves exposure to sign language from birth or early childhood.

Total communication refers to the approach of using sign language in combination with spoken language, with the goal of maximizing communication accessibility for deaf and hard of hearing individuals. This approach allows individuals to use the communication method that best suits their needs and preferences, depending on the context and situation.

Natural sign language refers to a sign language that is developed within a specific deaf community and is not based on any spoken language. These languages arise naturally through the interactions and communication needs of deaf individuals, and they are often distinct from the sign languages used in educational or formal settings.

Signed language refers to a sign language that is based on the grammar and syntax of a spoken language. These languages are typically used in educational settings or for communication between deaf individuals who use different natural sign languages.

National sign language refers to a sign language that is used by deaf individuals in a particular region or country. These languages are often recognized and supported by governments and educational institutions, and they play a significant role in the cultural identity and communication needs of deaf communities.

Group sign language refers to a sign language that is used by deaf individuals who share a common background, such as ethnicity, profession, or social group. These languages are often used within specific communities or organizations, and they may have unique vocabulary and expressions that are specific to that group.

Religious sign language refers to a sign language that is used by deaf individuals who are members of a religious community. These languages are often used in religious services, ceremonies, and gatherings, and they may incorporate specific vocabulary and expressions related to religious beliefs and practices.

Ethnic sign language refers to a sign language that is used by deaf individuals who are members of a particular ethnic group. These languages are often passed down from generation to generation within the ethnic community, and they may have unique vocabulary and expressions that reflect the cultural heritage and traditions of that group.

Trade sign language refers to a sign language that is used by deaf individuals who are members of a particular profession or trade. These languages are often used in specific workplaces or industries, and they may have unique vocabulary and expressions related to the tools, materials, and processes used in that profession or trade.