Polyethylene (PE) is widely used as an insulating material in electrical wires and cables due to its excellent electrical insulation properties, flexibility, and low cost.

The polymer electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery serves as a medium for the movement of lithium ions between the anode and cathode, enabling the battery's charge and discharge processes.

Polyimide (PI) is a high-performance polymer known for its exceptional thermal stability, flexibility, and electrical insulation properties, making it an ideal material for flexible printed circuit boards.

In OLEDs, polymers are primarily used as the light-emitting layer, where they emit light upon the application of an electric field.

Polycarbonate (PC) is a widely used dielectric material in capacitors due to its high dielectric strength, low dielectric losses, and good thermal stability.

The polymer binder in a composite electrode material for lithium-ion batteries serves to hold the electrode particles together, providing mechanical integrity and preventing the electrode from disintegrating during cycling.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is a widely used gate dielectric material in OFETs due to its high dielectric constant, low leakage current, and good film-forming properties.

In polymer solar cells, polymers are primarily used as the active layer, where they absorb light and generate charge carriers.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used substrate material for flexible electronics due to its flexibility, dimensional stability, and low cost.

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) in a fuel cell serves as a medium for the conduction of protons, enabling the transfer of hydrogen ions from the anode to the cathode.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a high-performance polymer known for its exceptional electrical insulation properties, low dielectric losses, and high-frequency stability, making it an ideal material for high-frequency PCBs.

In optical fibers, polymers are primarily used as the core material, where they transmit light signals through total internal reflection.

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a widely used passivation layer in semiconductor devices due to its excellent barrier properties, high dielectric strength, and good thermal stability.

The primary function of a polymer encapsulant in electronic devices is to provide mechanical protection and structural integrity, safeguarding the device from external stresses and harsh environmental conditions.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a widely used substrate material for flexible displays due to its flexibility, dimensional stability, and low cost.