Meghnad Saha's pioneering work on stellar atmospheres and ionization equilibrium laid the foundation for modern astrophysics.

Vikram Sarabhai is often referred to as the father of the Indian space program due to his instrumental role in establishing ISRO.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar's research on stellar evolution and the Chandrasekhar limit earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

Jayanti Patel was the first Indian woman to earn a doctorate in astrophysics, and she made significant contributions to the study of stellar evolution.

George Smoot, an American astronomer of Indian origin, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for his work on the cosmic microwave background radiation.

T. Padmanabhan is a renowned Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of the formation and evolution of galaxies.

B. R. Iyer is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of black holes and gravitational waves.

Jayant Narlikar is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the search for extraterrestrial life.

R. K. Kaul is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of the origin and evolution of the universe.

V. K. Kapahi is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of quasars.

Govind Swarup is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of pulsars.

Homi J. Bhabha is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of cosmic rays.

Vainu Bappu is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of solar physics.

U. R. Rao is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of planetary science.

Chandra Wickramasinghe is an Indian astronomer who has made significant contributions to the study of astrobiology.