Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years. It is found in regions with a mean annual temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.

Permafrost is found in the Arctic, Antarctica, Greenland, and other regions with a mean annual temperature below 0 degrees Celsius.

Permafrost is frozen all year round, while seasonally frozen ground is only frozen during the winter months. Permafrost is found in colder regions, while seasonally frozen ground is found in warmer regions. Permafrost is found at higher elevations, while seasonally frozen ground is found at lower elevations.

The average temperature of permafrost is -10 degrees Celsius.

Approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface is covered by permafrost.

The largest continuous permafrost region in the world is Siberia.

Permafrost melting is caused by a combination of climate change, human activity, and natural causes.

Permafrost melting can lead to the release of greenhouse gases, changes in the landscape, and damage to infrastructure.

Reducing permafrost melting requires a combination of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting permafrost areas, and developing new technologies to adapt to permafrost melting.

The future of permafrost is uncertain. It is possible that permafrost will continue to melt, stabilize, or even expand. The outcome will depend on a number of factors, including the rate of climate change and the effectiveness of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Studying permafrost is challenging because it is located in remote and inaccessible areas, it is difficult to sample and monitor, and it is constantly changing.

Research priorities related to permafrost include understanding the processes that control permafrost melting, developing new technologies to monitor permafrost, and assessing the impacts of permafrost melting on the environment and society.

Potential benefits of permafrost melting include access to new resources, new opportunities for economic development, and improved transportation and infrastructure.

Potential risks of permafrost melting include the release of greenhouse gases, changes in the landscape, and damage to infrastructure.

Mitigating the risks of permafrost melting requires a combination of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting permafrost areas, and developing new technologies to adapt to permafrost melting.