School segregation, particularly during the era of Jim Crow laws, created separate and unequal educational systems for different racial groups, leading to disparities in resources, facilities, and opportunities.

Asian Americans have historically had the highest high school graduation rates among racial groups in the United States, with recent data showing rates consistently above 90%.

Overrepresentation refers to the disproportionate placement of students from racial minority groups in special education classes, often due to biases in assessment and referral practices.

Affirmative action policies aim to promote equal opportunity and address historical discrimination by providing preferential treatment to underrepresented groups in areas such as education and employment.

Stereotype threat refers to the anxiety or underperformance experienced by individuals from racial minority groups when they are aware of negative stereotypes about their group's intellectual abilities.

Differences in educational attainment, discrimination in housing and lending, and inherited wealth all contribute to the racial wealth gap, perpetuating economic disparities between racial groups.

Disproportionate discipline refers to the higher rates of suspension and expulsion experienced by students from racial minority groups compared to their White peers, often due to implicit biases and discriminatory practices in school discipline.

Native Americans have historically had the lowest college enrollment rates among racial groups in the United States, facing challenges such as poverty, geographic isolation, and lack of access to higher education institutions.

Resource gap refers to the disparities in funding, facilities, and educational resources between schools attended by students from racial minority groups and those attended by their White peers.

Asian Americans have historically had the highest college graduation rates among racial groups in the United States, with recent data showing rates consistently above 50%.

Tracking refers to the practice of placing students into different educational programs or tracks based on their perceived abilities or interests, often leading to disparities in opportunities and outcomes for students from racial minority groups.

Native Americans have historically had the highest high school dropout rates among racial groups in the United States, facing challenges such as poverty, cultural barriers, and lack of access to quality education.

School-to-prison pipeline refers to the systemic issues that lead students from racial minority groups to be disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system, often starting with discriminatory practices in school discipline.

Native Americans have historically had the lowest college enrollment rates among racial groups in the United States, facing challenges such as poverty, geographic isolation, and lack of access to higher education institutions.