Dada Bhai Naoroji is considered the father of modern Indian economics due to his pioneering work on the economic drain of India under British colonial rule.

Naoroji's primary focus was on international trade, particularly the drain of wealth from India to Britain as a result of colonial policies.

Naoroji argued that the British colonial rule led to the exploitation of India's resources and the drain of wealth, resulting in India's economic problems.

Naoroji coined the term 'economic drain' to describe the transfer of wealth from India to Britain through various mechanisms such as taxation, trade, and remittances.

Jagdish Bhagwati is a prominent Indian economist who has been a strong advocate of free trade and has criticized protectionist policies.

Bhagwati argues that protectionism stifles innovation and economic growth by creating a disincentive for firms to invest in new technologies and become more efficient.

Mahatma Gandhi was a strong advocate of self-reliance and criticized economic dependence on foreign countries.

Gandhi argued that economic dependence on foreign countries leads to political subservience and compromises a nation's sovereignty.

Jawaharlal Nehru was a strong advocate of 'swaraj' (self-rule) and criticized economic imperialism.

Nehru argued that economic imperialism leads to political subservience and compromises a nation's sovereignty.

Amartya Sen is a Nobel Prize-winning economist known for his work on the concept of 'basic needs' and his critique of the trickle-down approach to economic development.

Sen argues that the trickle-down approach is too slow to address poverty and inequality and that it fails to provide direct benefits to the poor.

Amartya Sen is a Nobel Prize-winning economist known for his work on the concept of 'capabilities' and his critique of utilitarianism.

Sen argues that utilitarianism ignores the distribution of well-being and that it is possible to have a situation where the aggregate level of happiness is high but there is still a great deal of poverty and inequality.

B.R. Ambedkar was a prominent Indian economist and social reformer known for his work on the concept of 'identity' and his critique of economic rationalism.

Ambedkar argues that economic rationalism ignores the role of social and cultural factors in economic behavior and that it is therefore unable to fully explain economic phenomena.