Water pollution in rivers and lakes is caused by a combination of industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage discharge. Industrial waste contains toxic chemicals that can harm aquatic life and contaminate drinking water. Agricultural runoff carries fertilizers and pesticides into waterways, which can cause algal blooms and fish kills. Sewage discharge releases untreated human waste into rivers and lakes, which can spread diseases and pollute the water.

Climate change, deforestation, and overfishing are all major threats to the health of rivers and lakes. Climate change is causing glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, which can lead to flooding and erosion. Deforestation removes trees that help to filter pollutants from water and provide habitat for aquatic life. Overfishing can deplete fish populations and disrupt the food chain.

The primary goal of river and lake conservation is to protect aquatic ecosystems, provide drinking water for human populations, and support recreational activities. Aquatic ecosystems are home to a wide variety of plants and animals, and they provide essential services such as filtering water and providing habitat for fish and other wildlife. Drinking water is a vital resource for human health, and rivers and lakes are a major source of drinking water for many communities. Recreational activities such as fishing, swimming, and boating are also important for human well-being.

The cleanup of the Ganges River in India, the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay in the United States, and the protection of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia are all examples of successful river or lake conservation projects. These projects have involved a variety of measures, such as reducing pollution, restoring habitat, and educating the public about the importance of protecting water resources.

Individuals can help protect rivers and lakes by reducing their water consumption, disposing of waste properly, and supporting organizations that work to protect water resources. Reducing water consumption helps to reduce the amount of wastewater that is discharged into rivers and lakes. Disposing of waste properly helps to prevent pollutants from entering waterways. Supporting organizations that work to protect water resources helps to fund important conservation projects.