IPM in international trade aims to prevent the introduction and spread of pests across borders, protecting agricultural resources and ecosystems.

The IPPC is the international organization responsible for setting standards and guidelines for IPM in international trade, focusing on plant health and preventing the spread of plant pests.

Pest introduction refers to the unintentional movement of pests from one country to another through trade or travel, posing a risk to agricultural resources and ecosystems.

Fresh fruits and vegetables, cut flowers and plants, and wooden packaging materials are all common pathways for the introduction of pests through international trade due to their potential to harbor and transport pests.

Biosecurity refers to the set of measures taken to prevent the introduction and spread of pests, diseases, and invasive species through international trade and travel.

Inspection of imported goods, disinfection of shipping containers, and treatment of agricultural products are all common biosecurity measures used in international trade to prevent the spread of pests.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach to pest management that emphasizes the use of non-chemical methods and minimizes the reliance on chemical pesticides.

Preventing the introduction of pests through biosecurity measures is a key principle of IPM in international trade, as it aims to minimize the risk of pest establishment and spread.

Biological control refers to the use of natural enemies, such as predators and parasites, to control pests in a natural and sustainable manner.

Planting pest-resistant crop varieties is an example of a cultural control method used in IPM, as it reduces the susceptibility of crops to pest infestations.

Mechanical control refers to the use of physical or mechanical means, such as traps, barriers, and cultivation practices, to control pests.

Using pheromone traps to attract and capture pests is an example of a mechanical control method used in IPM, as it physically removes pests from the environment.

Chemical control refers to the use of chemical substances, such as pesticides and herbicides, to control pests.

Relying heavily on chemical pesticides in pest management can lead to increased pest resistance, harm to beneficial insects and wildlife, and environmental contamination.

Eradication refers to the process of eliminating a pest population from a specific area, typically through intensive and targeted pest management efforts.