Leather production involves raising livestock, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and deforestation. Additionally, the tanning process used to treat leather can release harmful chemicals into the environment.

The production of synthetic materials involves the release of harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution.

Tanning, particularly the traditional methods, requires a significant amount of water to process and treat animal hides.

Depolymerization is the process of breaking down polymers, the building blocks of synthetic materials, into their smaller units, enabling recycling and reuse.

Recycled shoes are made from materials that have already been used, reducing the need for new resource extraction and minimizing waste.

Landfilled footwear can release harmful chemicals and microplastics into the soil, contaminating it and potentially affecting groundwater quality.

Cork is a natural material derived from the bark of cork oak trees. It is biodegradable and has a relatively low environmental impact compared to other footwear materials.

Sustainable design in footwear aims to reduce the environmental impact of the product throughout its lifecycle, considering factors like material selection, manufacturing processes, and end-of-life options.

Molding, particularly in the production of synthetic footwear, requires significant energy to heat and shape the materials.

Upcycling involves transforming discarded footwear materials or components into new products of higher quality or value.

Hemp is a plant-based fiber that can be used to produce sustainable footwear materials with a lower environmental impact compared to traditional materials.

Rubber production often involves the clearing of forests for rubber plantations, leading to deforestation and habitat loss.

Dyeing processes in footwear manufacturing can release harmful chemicals and dyes into water bodies, contributing to water pollution.

Modular design in footwear involves using standardized components that can be easily disassembled and replaced, facilitating recycling and reducing waste.

Canvas, made from natural fibers like cotton or hemp, is a durable and biodegradable material with a relatively low environmental impact compared to other footwear materials.