Hydrogen is the primary fuel used in nuclear fusion reactions, typically in the form of its isotopes deuterium and tritium.

Nuclear fusion is the process by which two atomic nuclei combine to form a single nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy.

Achieving controlled nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures, typically in the range of millions of degrees Celsius, to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between atomic nuclei.

The primary goal of nuclear fusion research is to develop a clean and sustainable energy source that can potentially provide a virtually limitless supply of energy.

Nuclear fusion has several potential advantages over nuclear fission, including less radioactive waste, lower risk of accidents, and higher energy output.

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is a large-scale experimental facility in France that is designed to demonstrate the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a power source.

The proton-proton chain reaction is a type of nuclear fusion reaction that occurs in the Sun and other stars, where hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium atoms, releasing energy.

Neutron activation is the process by which a nucleus of an atom absorbs a neutron and then undergoes radioactive decay, emitting particles and energy.

Helium-3 and helium-4 are potential fuels for nuclear fusion reactions in the future, as they can undergo fusion reactions at lower temperatures compared to deuterium and tritium.

A tokamak is a device that is used to confine plasma in a nuclear fusion reactor using a strong magnetic field.

Developing practical nuclear fusion reactors involves several key challenges, including achieving and maintaining high temperatures, developing suitable materials for reactor components, and managing radioactive waste.

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that is commonly used in nuclear fusion reactions, as it is relatively abundant and has a low atomic number.

Nuclear fusion has several potential environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, minimal radioactive waste, and abundant fuel sources.

Electrostatic repulsion is the process by which two atomic nuclei repel each other due to their positive charges.

Nuclear fusion technology has several potential applications, including electricity generation, space propulsion, medical isotope production, and others.