The belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific situation

The confidence in one's physical abilities

The perception of one's own competence

The expectation of success

Albert Bandura

Martin Seligman

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

Enactive mastery, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological states

Past experiences, social comparison, self-instruction, and goal setting

Intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and self-awareness

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction

It enhances motivation and persistence

It reduces anxiety and stress

It improves skill acquisition and execution

All of the above

Watching a teammate score a goal

Receiving positive feedback from a coach

Successfully completing a difficult training session

Visualizing oneself performing a skill perfectly

Observing others perform a task

Receiving instruction from a coach

Setting challenging goals for oneself

Using self-talk to boost confidence

By providing positive feedback and encouragement

By setting realistic and achievable goals

By using self-instruction to focus on strengths

By creating a supportive and positive environment

They can influence self-efficacy by affecting mood and arousal levels

They can provide information about one's physical capabilities

They can be used to regulate emotions and manage stress

All of the above

By setting realistic and achievable goals

By engaging in challenging tasks and overcoming obstacles

By receiving positive feedback and encouragement

All of the above

Focusing on past failures and dwelling on mistakes

Using self-talk to challenge negative thoughts and beliefs

Visualizing oneself performing successfully

Setting specific and challenging goals

It helps athletes bounce back from setbacks and challenges

It promotes a positive mindset and reduces self-doubt

It enhances motivation and persistence in the face of obstacles

All of the above

Providing athletes with opportunities to experience success

Encouraging athletes to set challenging but achievable goals

Using imagery techniques to build confidence

All of the above

By creating a supportive and positive environment

By providing constructive feedback and encouragement

By helping athletes set realistic and achievable goals

All of the above

Self-efficacy enhances intrinsic motivation by increasing enjoyment and satisfaction

Intrinsic motivation promotes self-efficacy by providing a sense of purpose and direction

They are independent of each other and do not influence each other

None of the above

It helps athletes persevere in the face of obstacles and setbacks

It reduces the likelihood of athletes giving up or experiencing burnout

It promotes a growth mindset and a willingness to learn from mistakes

All of the above