Neorealism, a film movement that emerged in Italy after World War II, is characterized by its focus on everyday life, the working class, and the use of non-professional actors.

Mise-en-scène refers to the arrangement of elements within a film frame, including the placement of actors, objects, and props, as well as the use of lighting and color.

Spectator theory, also known as reception theory, focuses on the role of the audience in interpreting and making meaning from a film.

Leitmotif refers to the repetition of a musical theme or visual motif throughout a film to emphasize certain ideas or emotions.

Psychological dramas delve into the inner workings of characters' minds, exploring their motivations, fears, and emotional conflicts.

Montage refers to the editing technique of assembling shots in a sequence to create a specific effect or convey a particular idea.

The New Wave movement, particularly associated with French cinema, challenged conventional filmmaking techniques and explored new modes of storytelling.

Sound design encompasses the use of sound effects, music, and dialogue to create a cohesive and immersive auditory experience in a film.

Documentaries aim to present factual information and explore real-world issues, often with the intention of educating and raising awareness.

Lighting design involves the use of lighting techniques to create specific effects, such as shadows, highlights, and color tones, to enhance the visual impact of a film.

Horror films aim to evoke fear, suspense, and unease in the audience through the use of supernatural elements, macabre imagery, and jump scares.

Cinematography encompasses the art of directing and capturing moving images, including camera work, lens selection, and lighting techniques.

Science fiction films explore futuristic settings, advanced technologies, and the impact of scientific discoveries on society and the human condition.

Editing involves the selection, arrangement, and manipulation of shots to create a cohesive and meaningful narrative.

Romance films focus on the development of romantic relationships between characters, exploring themes of love, heartbreak, and interpersonal connections.