China is the global leader in solar PV installations, with over 300 gigawatts (GW) of capacity as of 2022.

Wind energy generation is intermittent, meaning it depends on the availability of wind. This can lead to fluctuations in power output and challenges in grid integration.

Solar PV has seen the most rapid growth among renewable energy technologies, driven by decreasing costs and increasing government support.

Geothermal energy can provide baseload power, meaning it can generate electricity continuously, regardless of weather conditions or time of day.

Iceland has the highest per capita consumption of renewable energy, primarily due to its abundant geothermal and hydropower resources.

The intermittency of renewable energy sources can lead to frequency variations in the grid, which can affect the stability and reliability of the power system.

Solar PV is well-suited for remote and off-grid areas due to its modularity, scalability, and relatively low maintenance requirements.

The high cost of offshore wind farms, including infrastructure and installation, is a major challenge to their widespread adoption.

Pumped hydro storage is a mature technology that can provide large-scale, long-duration energy storage by pumping water uphill when there is excess electricity and releasing it downhill through a turbine when electricity is needed.

Developing reliable and cost-effective anchoring systems that can withstand harsh marine conditions is a major challenge in the deployment of floating solar PV systems.

China is the global leader in onshore wind energy installations, with over 300 GW of capacity as of 2022.

Tidal energy projects face challenges in accurately predicting the timing and magnitude of tidal currents, which can affect the efficiency and reliability of power generation.

Hydropower, particularly pumped hydro storage, can provide dispatchable power by storing energy during periods of excess electricity generation and releasing it when needed.

The high cost of CSP plants, including the specialized equipment and infrastructure required, is a major challenge to their widespread adoption.

Geothermal energy can provide baseload power and grid stability due to its continuous and predictable nature, independent of weather conditions or time of day.