Intellectual property law aims to safeguard the rights of creators and innovators by granting them exclusive rights over their intellectual creations, such as inventions, artistic works, and literary works.

A patent is a form of intellectual property that provides an inventor with exclusive rights over their invention for a certain duration, typically 20 years.

A trademark serves multiple purposes, including protecting a brand's identity and reputation, preventing unauthorized use of a company's logo, and ensuring that consumers are not misled about the origin of a product or service.

In the United States, copyright protection generally lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years after their death.

Competition law aims to maintain a level playing field for businesses and prevent anti-competitive practices that may harm consumers and stifle innovation.

The Sherman Antitrust Act is a cornerstone of antitrust law in the United States, prohibiting agreements or conspiracies that unreasonably restrain trade.

The doctrine of fair use in copyright law allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission for various purposes, including education, criticism, comment, news reporting, and preservation.

Infringement refers to the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder.

The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement is an international treaty that sets minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights.

The Lanham Act is a comprehensive statute in the United States that aims to protect trademarks and service marks, prevent unfair competition, and regulate false advertising.

A design patent grants protection for the ornamental design of a functional item.

Misappropriation of trade secrets refers to the unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential business information without the owner's consent.

The Clayton Act prohibits mergers and acquisitions that may substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly.

Passing off occurs when a person uses a trademark or service mark that is similar to another person's mark, with the intent to deceive consumers into believing that their goods or services are those of the other person.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that promotes cooperation among countries in the field of intellectual property.