Film subtitling primarily serves to provide a written translation of the dialogue, making it accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers who may not be able to hear the spoken words.

Film subtitlers often encounter challenges such as translating cultural references and idioms, matching the pace and rhythm of the dialogue, and ensuring that the subtitles do not obstruct important visual information.

Non-verbal subtitling is the technique of using subtitles to convey non-verbal communication, such as facial expressions and gestures, that may not be apparent from the dialogue alone.

Film subtitlers often use a combination of direct translation and adaptation to strike a balance between accuracy and cultural relevance, ensuring that the subtitles convey the intended meaning while also being accessible to the target audience.

Subtitling is the process of adding written text to a film, typically at the bottom of the screen, to translate the dialogue or provide additional information for viewers.

Film subtitlers often use capitalization and punctuation, such as exclamation marks and question marks, to convey emotions and tone in the dialogue.

Dubbing is the practice of replacing the original dialogue of a film with a translated version in a different language, typically by having actors record the lines in the new language.

Film dubbers often face challenges such as matching lip movements, ensuring natural-sounding dialogue, and maintaining the emotional impact of the original performance.

Voiceover is the technique of adding a narrated translation of the dialogue to a film, typically in a language other than the original, while the original dialogue remains audible in the background.

Film voiceover artists often face challenges such as matching the pace and rhythm of the original dialogue, conveying the emotions and tone of the original performance, and ensuring that the voiceover does not distract from the visual elements of the film.

Captioning is the practice of adding written text to a film to provide additional information, such as translations of foreign dialogue or explanations of cultural references, typically for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.

Film captioners often face challenges such as matching the pace and rhythm of the dialogue, ensuring that the captions do not obstruct important visual information, and translating cultural references and idioms.

Localization is the practice of translating and adapting a film for a specific cultural context, often involving changes to the dialogue, characters, and setting, to make it more accessible and appealing to the target audience.

Film localizers often face challenges such as translating cultural references and idioms, adapting the film's content to comply with local censorship regulations, and ensuring that the localized version maintains the artistic integrity and tone of the original film.

Translation is the practice of translating and adapting a film for a specific linguistic context, often involving changes to the dialogue and subtitles to ensure that they are accurate and culturally appropriate.