Grain deterioration is influenced by a combination of factors, including moisture content, temperature, and light exposure.

Grains should be stored at a moisture content of 10-12% to prevent spoilage and maintain quality.

Airtight containers help maintain low moisture content by preventing moisture absorption from the surrounding environment.

Grains should be stored at a temperature range of 5-10°C to slow down deterioration and maintain quality.

Heap storage involves stacking grains in a conical shape, allowing for proper aeration and preventing spoilage.

Fumigation is used to control pests, such as insects and rodents, that can infest and damage stored grains.

Freezing involves exposing grains to very low temperatures to inhibit microbial growth and preserve their quality.

Under optimal storage conditions, grains can be safely stored for 9-12 months while maintaining their quality.

Hermetic storage involves storing grains in airtight, moisture-proof containers to prevent insect infestation and maintain quality.

Aeration helps control temperature by removing warm air and replacing it with cooler air, preventing spoilage.

Chemical treatment involves applying approved chemicals to grains to inhibit microbial growth and prevent spoilage.

Rotating grain stocks ensures that older grains are used first, preventing spoilage and maintaining the overall quality of the stored grains.

Underground storage involves storing grains in underground structures to maintain a stable temperature and protect against pests.

Moisture meters are used to monitor the moisture content of stored grains, ensuring that it remains within the safe range to prevent spoilage.

Silo storage involves storing grains in tall, cylindrical structures, allowing for efficient storage and easy access.