The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes.

The degree to which a system is exposed to hazards, such as natural disasters or environmental degradation.

The degree to which a system is unable to cope with adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes.

The degree to which a system is susceptible to, and unable to cope with, adverse effects of natural disasters or environmental degradation.

Climate change, natural disasters, and environmental degradation.

Poverty, inequality, and lack of access to resources.

Weak governance and institutions.

All of the above.

Small island developing states.

Coastal areas.

Arid and semi-arid regions.

Mountainous regions.

All of the above.

Loss of life and property.

Displacement of people.

Food insecurity.

Water scarcity.

All of the above.

Invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.

Promote sustainable development.

Reduce poverty and inequality.

Strengthen governance and institutions.

All of the above.

To provide financial and technical assistance to vulnerable countries.

To promote the transfer of technology and knowledge.

To build capacity in vulnerable countries.

To facilitate dialogue and cooperation between countries.

All of the above.

The establishment of early warning systems for natural disasters.

The implementation of community-based adaptation projects.

The development of drought-resistant crops.

The promotion of sustainable land and water management practices.

All of the above.

Lack of financial resources.

Lack of technical capacity.

Lack of political will.

Lack of public awareness.

All of the above.

Environmental vulnerability will increase in the future due to climate change.

Environmental vulnerability will decrease in the future due to technological advances.

Environmental vulnerability will remain the same in the future.

It is impossible to predict the future of environmental vulnerability.

None of the above.

Reduce their carbon footprint.

Conserve water and energy.

Recycle and compost.

Support sustainable businesses.

All of the above.

Education can help people to understand the causes and consequences of environmental vulnerability.

Education can help people to develop the skills and knowledge they need to adapt to environmental change.

Education can help people to become more aware of their own environmental impact.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Technology can be used to develop early warning systems for natural disasters.

Technology can be used to develop drought-resistant crops.

Technology can be used to promote sustainable land and water management practices.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Policy can be used to promote sustainable development.

Policy can be used to reduce poverty and inequality.

Policy can be used to strengthen governance and institutions.

All of the above.

None of the above.

Finance can be used to invest in climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.

Finance can be used to promote sustainable development.

Finance can be used to reduce poverty and inequality.

All of the above.

None of the above.

The media can help to raise awareness of environmental vulnerability.

The media can help to educate people about the causes and consequences of environmental vulnerability.

The media can help to hold governments and businesses accountable for their actions.

All of the above.

None of the above.