Agricultural activities, such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides, can contribute to water pollution by introducing harmful chemicals into water bodies.

Stormwater runoff, which carries pollutants from impervious surfaces like roads and parking lots, is a significant source of water pollution in urban environments.

Industrial activities, particularly manufacturing processes, can release toxic chemicals and heavy metals into water sources, leading to water pollution.

Shipping accidents, such as oil tanker collisions or groundings, are a major cause of oil spills in oceans, resulting in the release of large amounts of oil into marine environments.

Sewage discharge, which contains untreated or partially treated wastewater, is a significant source of bacterial contamination in water bodies, posing health risks.

Personal care products, such as cosmetics and toiletries, often contain microplastics, which can enter water bodies through wastewater and contribute to plastic pollution.

Mining activities, particularly the extraction and processing of metals, can release heavy metals into water bodies, causing contamination and potential health hazards.

Power plants, especially those using fossil fuels, release large amounts of heat into water bodies through cooling processes, leading to thermal pollution and potential ecological impacts.

Agricultural activities, particularly the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, can contribute to nutrient pollution in water bodies, leading to eutrophication and ecological imbalances.

Industrial emissions, particularly from the burning of fossil fuels, release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, which can combine with water vapor to form acid rain.

Nuclear power plants and nuclear waste disposal sites can release radioactive materials into water bodies, posing potential health risks and environmental concerns.

Mining activities, particularly gold and silver mining, can release mercury into water bodies through wastewater and atmospheric deposition, leading to mercury contamination.

Land-based sources, such as littering, improper waste disposal, and stormwater runoff, contribute significantly to plastic pollution in oceans, accounting for a large proportion of marine plastic debris.

Sewage discharge, which contains pharmaceuticals and personal care products, is a major source of pharmaceutical contamination in water bodies, posing potential health risks and ecological concerns.

Construction activities, such as land clearing and grading, can generate large amounts of sediment, which can be washed into water bodies by stormwater runoff, causing sediment pollution and ecological impacts.