Canning is a process where food is heated to a high temperature in sealed containers to sterilize it and prevent spoilage.

Blanching involves briefly immersing vegetables in boiling water to halt enzymatic reactions, preserve color, and retain nutrients.

Dehydration is a process where water is removed from food through evaporation or other methods, reducing moisture content and preventing spoilage.

Fermentation is a process where microorganisms convert carbohydrates into acids, alcohols, or other compounds, resulting in enhanced flavor, texture, and preservation.

Irradiation is a process where food is exposed to ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms and extend shelf life without significantly altering the food's composition.

Pasteurization is a process where food is heated to a specific temperature for a specific time to kill harmful microorganisms while preserving its overall quality.

Pickling involves preserving food in a brine or vinegar solution, creating an acidic environment that inhibits microbial growth.

Freezing is a process where food is subjected to very low temperatures to inhibit microbial growth and extend its shelf life.

Fermentation is a process where beneficial bacteria convert carbohydrates into lactic acid, resulting in the preservation and flavor enhancement of food.

Antioxidants are added to processed foods to prevent oxidation and extend their shelf life by protecting against spoilage.

Vacuum packaging involves removing oxygen from food packaging to create an anaerobic environment that inhibits microbial growth.

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) involves replacing the air inside food packaging with a mixture of gases to extend shelf life and maintain food quality.

High-pressure processing (HPP) involves applying high pressure to food to inactivate microorganisms and extend shelf life without significantly altering the food's composition.

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) are used in food processing to inactivate microorganisms and extend shelf life by disrupting their cell membranes.

Ultrasound processing involves the application of ultrasound waves to food to inactivate microorganisms and extend shelf life by disrupting their cell membranes.