Aperture is the opening in the lens that allows light to pass through. It is measured in f-stops, with a lower f-stop number indicating a wider aperture and more light entering the lens.

Shutter speed controls the length of time that the shutter remains open, allowing light to reach the sensor. A faster shutter speed freezes motion, while a slower shutter speed blurs motion.

ISO is a measure of the sensor's sensitivity to light. A higher ISO number means that the sensor is more sensitive to light, allowing you to shoot in darker conditions or with a faster shutter speed.

Aperture also controls the depth of field, which is the range of distances that appear sharp in an image. A wider aperture (lower f-stop number) results in a shallower depth of field, while a narrower aperture (higher f-stop number) results in a deeper depth of field.

White balance adjusts the color temperature of the image to ensure that white objects appear white under different lighting conditions.

Autofocus is a feature that automatically adjusts the focus of the lens to ensure that the subject is sharp.

Burst mode allows you to capture a series of images in rapid succession, useful for capturing action shots or sequences of movement.

The self-timer feature allows you to set a delay before the camera takes a picture, giving you time to position yourself in the frame.

A wide-angle lens has a shorter focal length, allowing it to capture a wider field of view.

A zoom lens allows you to change the focal length of the lens, allowing you to zoom in or out on your subject.

A wider aperture (lower f-stop number) results in a shallower depth of field, which can be used to isolate your subject from the background.

The flash provides additional light in low-light conditions, allowing you to capture images that would otherwise be too dark.

HDR mode captures multiple images at different exposures and combines them into a single image with a wider dynamic range, preserving details in both bright and dark areas.

The viewfinder allows you to compose your shots and focus on your subject before taking a picture.

A slower shutter speed (higher shutter speed value) allows you to capture images with a longer exposure time, which can be used to create effects such as motion blur or light trails.