Spatial epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease in space and time. Its primary goal is to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, which can help researchers understand the causes of disease and develop strategies for prevention and control.

Dot maps, choropleth maps, and isopleth maps are all common methods for mapping the distribution of disease. Dot maps show the location of individual cases of disease, choropleth maps show the rate of disease in different geographic areas, and isopleth maps show lines of equal disease risk.

Environmental health is the study of the relationship between health and the environment. It examines how environmental factors, such as air pollution, water quality, and climate, can affect human health.

Cluster analysis, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and Moran's I statistic are all examples of spatial analysis techniques. These techniques can be used to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, which can help researchers understand the causes of disease and develop strategies for prevention and control.

Hotspot analysis is the process of identifying areas with high rates of disease. This can be done using a variety of spatial analysis techniques, such as cluster analysis, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and Moran's I statistic.

All of the studies listed are examples of health geography studies. Health geography studies the relationship between health and the environment, and can examine a wide range of topics, including the distribution of disease, the impact of environmental factors on health, and the role of health care services in improving health.

Health care geography is the study of the spatial distribution of health care services. It examines how the location and availability of health care services can affect access to care and health outcomes.

All of the studies listed are examples of spatial epidemiology studies. Spatial epidemiology studies the distribution of disease in space and time, and can examine a wide range of topics, including the causes of disease, the development of treatments, and the prevention of disease.

Social epidemiology is the study of the relationship between health and social factors. It examines how social factors, such as poverty, education, and discrimination, can affect health outcomes.

A study of the relationship between poverty and health is an example of a social epidemiology study. Social epidemiology studies the relationship between health and social factors, such as poverty, education, and discrimination.

Behavioral epidemiology is the study of the relationship between health and behavior. It examines how behaviors, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating unhealthy foods, can affect health outcomes.

A study of the relationship between smoking and lung cancer is an example of a behavioral epidemiology study. Behavioral epidemiology studies the relationship between health and behavior, such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating unhealthy foods.

Built environment epidemiology is the study of the relationship between health and the built environment. It examines how the design and structure of the built environment, such as housing, transportation, and parks, can affect health outcomes.

A study of the relationship between walkability and obesity is an example of a built environment epidemiology study. Built environment epidemiology studies the relationship between health and the built environment, such as housing, transportation, and parks.

Climate change epidemiology is the study of the relationship between health and climate. It examines how climate change can affect health outcomes, such as the incidence of heat-related illness, respiratory disease, and vector-borne diseases.