The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet is a 14-line poem divided into an octave and a sestet. The octave follows an ABBA ABBA rhyme scheme, while the sestet follows a CDECDE rhyme scheme.

The English or Shakespearean sonnet is a 14-line poem divided into three quatrains and a couplet. The quatrains follow an ABAB CDCD rhyme scheme, while the couplet follows an EFEF GG rhyme scheme.

The Spenserian sonnet is a 14-line poem with a rhyme scheme of ABAB BCBC CDCD EE.

The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet typically explores themes of love and beauty, often using imagery and metaphors. It also has a volta, or turn, in the ninth line, where the poem shifts its focus or perspective.

The English or Shakespearean sonnet often explores themes of love and loss, frequently using wordplay and puns. It also has a more conversational tone than the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet.

The volta in a sonnet serves multiple purposes. It can introduce a new theme or perspective, provide a resolution to the conflict, or create a sense of surprise or tension.

Sonnet 116 by John Milton is an example of an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet. It consists of 14 lines, is divided into an octave and a sestet, and follows the ABBA ABBA CDECDE rhyme scheme.

Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare is an example of an English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of 14 lines, is divided into three quatrains and a couplet, and follows the ABAB CDCD EFEF GG rhyme scheme.

Sonnet 30 by Edmund Spenser is an example of a Spenserian sonnet. It consists of 14 lines, is divided into three quatrains and a couplet, and follows the ABAB BCBC CDCD EE rhyme scheme.

The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet uses an ABBA ABBA CDECDE rhyme scheme, the English or Shakespearean sonnet uses an ABAB CDCD EFEF GG rhyme scheme, and the Spenserian sonnet uses an ABAB BCBC CDCD EE rhyme scheme.

The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet typically has a volta, or turn, in the ninth line, often uses imagery and metaphors, and explores themes of love and beauty.

The English or Shakespearean sonnet is divided into three quatrains and a couplet, while the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet is divided into an octave and a sestet.

The couplet in a Shakespearean sonnet serves multiple purposes. It can provide a resolution to the conflict, introduce a new theme or perspective, or create a sense of closure.

All of the given lines are examples of voltas in sonnets. A volta is a turn, or shift, in the poem's thought or mood, often occurring in the ninth line of a sonnet.

The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet often explores themes of love and beauty, the English or Shakespearean sonnet frequently explores themes of love and loss, and the Spenserian sonnet often explores themes of morality and virtue.