The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law that regulates water pollution from mining activities. It sets limits on the amount of pollutants that can be discharged into waterways and requires mining operations to obtain permits before discharging wastewater.

A water right is a legal right to use water. It is typically granted by a state or local government agency and specifies the amount of water that can be used, the purpose of the use, and the location of the use.

Consumptive use right is not a common type of water right. Riparian rights, prior appropriation rights, and groundwater rights are all common types of water rights.

Water treatment is the process of removing pollutants from water. It can be done through a variety of methods, including filtration, disinfection, and reverse osmosis.

Water reclamation is the process of returning water to its natural state after it has been used. It can be done through a variety of methods, including filtration, disinfection, and reverse osmosis.

Discharging wastewater directly into waterways is not a common strategy for minimizing the environmental impact of mining operations. Instead, mining operations typically treat wastewater before discharge or recycle water to minimize the amount of wastewater that is discharged.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of assessing the potential environmental impacts of a mining operation. It is typically conducted before a mining operation is approved and can help to identify ways to minimize the environmental impact of the operation.

Noise pollution is not a common type of environmental impact associated with mining operations. Water pollution, air pollution, and land contamination are all common types of environmental impacts associated with mining operations.

Mine reclamation is the process of restoring a mining site to its natural state after mining operations have ceased. It can involve a variety of activities, such as replanting vegetation, stabilizing slopes, and treating contaminated water.

Capping is not a common type of mine reclamation technique. Revegetation, slope stabilization, and water treatment are all common types of mine reclamation techniques.

Environmental monitoring is the process of monitoring the environmental impacts of a mining operation. It can involve a variety of activities, such as measuring air quality, water quality, and soil contamination.

Noise pollution monitoring is not a common type of environmental monitoring activity. Air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring, and soil contamination monitoring are all common types of environmental monitoring activities.

Environmental enforcement is the process of enforcing environmental laws and regulations. It can involve a variety of activities, such as inspections, fines, and lawsuits.

Education is not a common type of environmental enforcement action. Inspections, fines, and lawsuits are all common types of environmental enforcement actions.

Environmental policy is the process of developing and implementing policies and regulations to protect the environment. It can involve a variety of activities, such as setting standards, issuing permits, and providing funding for environmental protection programs.