Plurality systems, also known as first-past-the-post, tend to favor large, well-organized parties and discourage smaller parties from gaining representation.

In proportional representation systems, the number of seats a party wins is directly proportional to the number of votes it receives.

Mixed-member proportional systems combine elements of both plurality and proportional representation, offering a balance between representation and stability.

Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of multiple parties, increasing the likelihood of coalition governments.

In a single non-transferable vote system, voters can only cast one vote for a single candidate, which can result in a significant number of wasted votes.

The electoral system has a comprehensive impact on political parties, influencing their organization, campaign strategies, policy positions, and funding strategies.

Mixed-member proportional systems present challenges for parties in balancing the interests of different constituencies, coordinating policies between different levels of government, and maintaining party discipline.

The electoral system plays a crucial role in shaping the bargaining power, policy agenda, and duration of party coalitions.

Mixed-member proportional systems often lead to more stable coalition governments due to the inclusion of both plurality and proportional elements.

Coalition governments offer a range of benefits, including a broader policy agenda, consensus-building, and enhanced accountability.

Coalition governments face challenges in balancing the interests of different parties, coordinating policies, and maintaining party discipline.

The electoral system has a comprehensive impact on the emergence of new political parties, affecting their ease of entry, ideological orientation, and funding strategies.

Proportional representation systems make it easier for new parties to gain representation in the legislature, encouraging the formation of new parties.

New political parties face a range of challenges, including gaining access to funding, building a strong organizational structure, and attracting qualified candidates.

The electoral system has a comprehensive impact on the relationship between political parties and social movements, affecting their ability to mobilize support, strategies, and institutionalization.