Semantic roles are used to describe the meaning of words in a sentence by identifying their thematic roles, which represent the semantic relationships between words and the actions or events they participate in.

Recipient is not a common thematic role because it is typically associated with ditransitive verbs, which are less common than transitive and intransitive verbs.

In this sentence, 'cat' is the entity performing the action of chasing, so it has the thematic role of Agent.

The accusative case is typically used to mark the Patient in a sentence, indicating that it is the entity undergoing the action.

In this sentence, 'book' is the direct object of the verb 'gave', so it has the accusative case role.

Instrumental is not a type of case role because it is typically associated with adpositions, which are not considered to be case markers.

In this sentence, 'teeth' is the instrument used to perform the action of biting, so it has the instrumental case role.

Semantic roles are assigned to arguments based on the meaning of the verb, which determines the thematic roles of the arguments.

The sentence 'The book read the student' is ungrammatical because the verb 'read' requires an animate Agent, but 'book' is an inanimate object.

Semantic roles help establish the relationship between words and their referents by identifying the thematic roles of the arguments, which convey the semantic relationships between words and the actions or events they participate in.

Semantic roles are primarily used for semantic analysis and do not directly provide information about the grammatical structure of a sentence.

In this sentence, 'ball' is the entity undergoing the action of kicking, so it has the thematic role of Patient.

The dative case is typically used to mark the Goal in a sentence, indicating that it is the entity towards which the action is directed.

In this sentence, 'student' is the indirect object of the verb 'gave', so it has the dative case role.

Verbs of perception typically have an Experiencer as one of their semantic roles, which represents the entity that perceives the action or event.