Aryabhata, who lived in the 5th century CE, is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy due to his significant contributions to the field.

Yantras, which are geometric diagrams or instruments, were commonly used in ancient India for astronomical observations and calculations.

Aryabhata, in his work titled 'Aryabhatiya,' proposed a heliocentric model where the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun.

Navagrahas refers to the nine celestial bodies considered significant in Indian astrology: Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu, and Ketu.

Dasha refers to the system of planetary periods in Indian astrology, where each planet is assigned a specific time period during which it is believed to have a dominant influence on an individual's life.

Nakshatra refers to the 27 divisions of the zodiac in Indian astrology, each associated with a specific star or constellation.

Varahamihira, who lived in the 6th century CE, is renowned for his work on the 'Brihat Samhita,' which covers various aspects of astrology, including planetary influences, weather predictions, and gemology.

Panchamahabhuta refers to the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and ether) that are considered fundamental in Indian astrology and are believed to influence various aspects of life.

Brahmagupta, who lived in the 7th century CE, is credited with developing the concept of 'ardharatrika,' which involves observing the position of stars to determine the time of night.

Kundali, also known as Janma Kundali or Birth Chart, is the astrological chart used in Indian astrology to analyze an individual's life based on their birth details.

Bhaskara II, who lived in the 12th century CE, is known for his work on the 'Lilavati,' a comprehensive treatise on mathematics and astronomy that covers topics such as arithmetic, geometry, and planetary motion.

Chandra Lagna refers to the system of astrological predictions based on the position of the Moon in a particular sign of the zodiac, which is considered significant in determining an individual's personality and life events.

Aryabhata, in addition to his work on the 'Aryabhatiya,' also developed the 'Surya Siddhanta,' a treatise on astronomy that provided detailed calculations for planetary positions and eclipses.

Surya Lagna refers to the system of astrological predictions based on the position of the Sun in a particular sign of the zodiac, which is considered important in determining an individual's overall life path and destiny.

Varahamihira, in addition to his work on the 'Brihat Samhita,' also developed the 'Panchasiddhantika,' a treatise that compared five different astronomical systems, including the Surya Siddhanta and the Romaka Siddhanta.