NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was responsible for the first human spaceflight, which was carried out by Alan Shepard in 1961.

Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite launched into orbit around Earth, achieved by the Soviet Union in 1957.

Apollo 11 was the first space mission to land humans on the Moon, with Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin becoming the first humans to walk on the lunar surface in 1969.

The Hubble Space Telescope has revolutionized our understanding of the universe by providing stunning images of distant galaxies, nebulae, and other cosmic phenomena, helping scientists explore the vastness and complexity of the cosmos.

Viking 1 was the first space probe to successfully land on Mars and transmit valuable data and images back to Earth, providing crucial insights into the Martian environment and its potential for life.

Voyager 1 was the first space mission to successfully send a spacecraft beyond the solar system and into interstellar space, providing valuable data and insights into the outer regions of our solar system and the vast expanse of the cosmos.

The Planck Surveyor is a space telescope designed to study the cosmic microwave background radiation, providing valuable insights into the early universe and the conditions that existed shortly after the Big Bang.

Rosetta was the first space mission to successfully land a spacecraft on a comet, named Philae, and collect samples for analysis, providing valuable insights into the composition and structure of comets.

MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging) was a space mission designed to study the planet Mercury and its unique characteristics, including its extreme temperatures and geological features.

Hayabusa was the first space mission to successfully land a spacecraft on an asteroid, named Itokawa, and collect samples for analysis, providing valuable insights into the composition and structure of asteroids.

Galileo was a space mission designed to study the planet Jupiter and its moons, providing valuable insights into the composition, structure, and dynamics of the Jovian system.

Cassini-Huygens was a space mission that successfully landed a spacecraft, Huygens, on Saturn's largest moon, Titan, providing valuable insights into its unique methane lakes, rivers, and atmospheric composition.

Voyager 2 was a space mission that successfully flew by Uranus and provided valuable insights into its unique ring system, tilted magnetic field, and atmospheric composition.

New Horizons was a space mission that successfully flew by Pluto and provided valuable insights into its icy surface, complex geology, and potential for subsurface oceans.

Voyager 2 was a space mission that successfully flew by Neptune and provided valuable insights into its unique atmospheric composition, Great Dark Spot, and moon Triton, which has a retrograde orbit.