The Sitar, a popular string instrument in Indian classical music, is traditionally tuned using the Just Intonation system. This system aims to create pure and consonant intervals between the notes, resulting in a harmonious and pleasing sound.

The Violin, a Western classical instrument, commonly uses the Equal Temperament tuning system. This system divides the octave into 12 equal parts, making it easier to play in different keys and ensuring consistent intervals throughout the range of the instrument.

The Sarod, a string instrument similar to the Sitar, is often tuned using the Pythagorean tuning system. This system is based on mathematical ratios and produces a distinct and resonant sound, characterized by its strong and clear intervals.

The Harmonium, a keyboard instrument widely used in Indian classical music, is commonly tuned using the Meantone tuning system. This system strikes a balance between pure intervals and practical playability, making it suitable for accompanying vocalists and instrumentalists.

The Veena, a plucked string instrument, holds a significant place in Carnatic music. It is closely associated with the Melakarta system, a unique tuning system that consists of 72 fundamental scales or ragas. The Veena's construction and tuning allow it to explore the intricacies of these ragas effectively.

The Sarangi, a bowed string instrument, is commonly used to accompany vocalists in the Hindustani music tradition. Its expressive playing style and ability to produce a wide range of tones make it an ideal instrument for capturing the nuances of ragas and conveying the emotions of the music.

The Tabla is not typically tuned using a specific tuning system like the other instruments mentioned. Instead, the Tabla's sound is primarily determined by the skill and technique of the player, who adjusts the tension of the drumheads to achieve the desired pitch and resonance.

The Santoor is traditionally tuned using the Just Intonation system. This system allows for pure and consonant intervals between the notes, resulting in a harmonious and resonant sound. The Santoor's construction and tuning enable it to produce a wide range of melodic and rhythmic patterns.

The Shehnai is traditionally tuned using the Just Intonation system. This system ensures pure and consonant intervals between the notes, resulting in a clear and resonant sound. The Shehnai's piercing and evocative tone is well-suited for outdoor performances and ceremonial events.

The Pakhawaj is not typically tuned using a specific tuning system like the other instruments mentioned. Instead, the Pakhawaj's sound is primarily determined by the skill and technique of the player, who adjusts the tension of the drumheads to achieve the desired pitch and resonance.

The Mridangam is not typically tuned using a specific tuning system like the other instruments mentioned. Instead, the Mridangam's sound is primarily determined by the skill and technique of the player, who adjusts the tension of the drumheads to achieve the desired pitch and resonance.

The Dholak is not typically tuned using a specific tuning system like the other instruments mentioned. Instead, the Dholak's sound is primarily determined by the skill and technique of the player, who adjusts the tension of the drumheads to achieve the desired pitch and resonance.

The Flute is traditionally tuned using the Just Intonation system. This system ensures pure and consonant intervals between the notes, resulting in a harmonious and resonant sound. The Flute's ability to produce a wide range of pitches and its expressive playing techniques make it a versatile instrument for both classical and folk music.

The Clarinet is typically tuned using the Equal Temperament system. This system divides the octave into 12 equal parts, making it easier to play in different keys and ensuring consistent intervals throughout the range of the instrument. The Clarinet's adaptability and wide range of expressiveness have made it a popular choice for both classical and contemporary Indian music.

The Guitar is typically tuned using the Equal Temperament system. This system divides the octave into 12 equal parts, making it easier to play in different keys and ensuring consistent intervals throughout the range of the instrument. The Guitar's versatility and wide range of sounds have made it a popular choice for both traditional and modern Indian music.