Coral reefs are formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons produced by tiny marine invertebrates called coral polyps.

Atolls are ring-shaped coral reefs that form around a central lagoon. They are typically found in the open ocean, far from land.

Coral bleaching is the process by which corals lose their symbiotic algae, causing them to turn white and become more susceptible to disease and death.

Climate change, particularly the increase in ocean temperatures, is a major contributor to coral bleaching. Warmer waters stress corals, causing them to expel their symbiotic algae.

The Great Barrier Reef, located off the coast of Australia, is the largest coral reef system in the world, stretching over 2,300 kilometers.

Parrotfish play a crucial role in maintaining the health of coral reefs by consuming algae and other organic matter, preventing the overgrowth of algae that can smother corals.

Coral polyps and symbiotic algae have a mutualistic relationship, where both organisms benefit from each other. The algae provide the coral with food through photosynthesis, while the coral provides the algae with a protected environment and access to nutrients.

Fringing reefs are coral reefs that grow directly from the shoreline and extend outward into the water. They are typically found in areas with a steep underwater slope.

Coral restoration is the process of restoring or rehabilitating damaged or destroyed coral reefs. This can involve various techniques such as coral transplantation, coral gardening, and coral propagation.

Clownfish have a symbiotic relationship with certain species of anemones, where the clownfish gains protection from predators within the anemone's stinging tentacles, while the anemone benefits from the clownfish's ability to attract prey.

Coral resilience refers to the ability of coral reefs to naturally recover from damage or disturbance. This can involve various mechanisms such as coral regeneration, coral adaptation, and the recruitment of new coral larvae.

Patch reefs are small, isolated coral reefs that rise from the seafloor but do not reach the surface. They are typically found in areas with a relatively flat underwater slope.

The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is a global partnership that aims to protect and conserve coral reefs and associated ecosystems.

Sea urchins can feed on coral polyps, causing damage to coral reefs. Overgrazing by sea urchins can lead to the degradation of coral reefs.

Coral accretion is the process by which coral reefs are formed. It involves the accumulation of calcium carbonate skeletons produced by coral polyps over time.