Hyperbolic Discounting describes the tendency for individuals to place a higher value on immediate rewards compared to future rewards, even if the future rewards are objectively more valuable.

Game Theory is a branch of mathematics that analyzes strategic decision-making in situations where multiple players interact, allowing firms to predict and respond to the actions of their competitors.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are more likely to take risks when the potential rewards are large, even if the probability of success is low.

Loss Aversion refers to the tendency for individuals to experience greater psychological pain from losses compared to the pleasure they derive from gains of equal magnitude.

Oligopoly is a market structure where a small number of large firms control a significant portion of the market, leading to strategic interactions and interdependence among the firms.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are more likely to make impulsive purchases when they perceive a sense of urgency or scarcity.

Social Proof refers to the tendency for individuals to conform to the actions and beliefs of others, particularly when they are uncertain about the correct course of action.

Product Homogeneity refers to the situation where firms produce identical or very similar products, making them perfect substitutes for each other in the eyes of consumers.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in unethical behavior when the potential benefits outweigh the potential costs.

Affect Heuristic refers to the tendency for individuals to make decisions based on their immediate emotional state rather than engaging in a thorough analysis of the available information.

A Cartel is a group of firms that collude to set prices, output levels, or other market variables in order to increase their collective profits.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are more likely to save money when they have a clear and compelling long-term goal and when they are offered a high return on their savings.

Prospect Theory suggests that individuals evaluate gains and losses differently, placing more weight on small probabilities of large gains or losses.

Predatory Pricing is a pricing strategy where a firm sets prices below its own costs in order to drive competitors out of the market and establish a monopoly position.

Behavioral economics suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in pro-social behavior when the potential benefits outweigh the potential costs.