Globalization refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries and peoples.

Political ideologies are not a direct factor contributing to globalization, although they can influence economic and cultural policies that may impact globalization.

Globalization has led to an increase in job opportunities, particularly in developing countries, due to the expansion of multinational corporations and outsourcing.

Outsourcing refers to the practice of contracting out a business process or function to a third-party organization, often located in a different country.

Improved quality of work is not a direct benefit of outsourcing, as it depends on various factors such as the skills and capabilities of the outsourced workforce.

Globalization has led to an increased demand for skilled labor, particularly in sectors such as technology, healthcare, and finance.

Urbanization refers to the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, often in search of employment and better living conditions.

Improved infrastructure is not a direct challenge associated with urbanization, as it depends on the planning and policies implemented by local governments.

Globalization has led to an increase in the size of the informal economy, particularly in developing countries, due to factors such as unemployment and lack of access to formal employment.

Agility refers to the ability of businesses to quickly adapt and respond to changing market conditions, often through restructuring, innovation, and strategic partnerships.

Increased bureaucracy is not a direct benefit of agility, as it is more likely to result from rigid and inflexible organizational structures.

Globalization has led to an increased use of technology in the workplace, particularly in areas such as communication, data analysis, and automation.

Gig economy refers to the labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work, often obtained through digital platforms.

Increased flexibility is not a direct challenge associated with the gig economy, as it is one of the key features that attracts workers to this type of work.

Globalization has led to an increased specialization and interdependence among countries, as they focus on producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage.