Preference

Equity

Justice

Reasoning

Giving preference to a weaker opinion over a stronger one

Applying a rule to a case even though it does not literally apply

Making a decision based on public interest

All of the above

Imam Abu Hanifah

Imam Malik

Imam Shafi'i

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal

The rule must be based on a strong analogy

The rule must be in line with the objectives of the Shariah

The rule must not lead to injustice

All of the above

Ruling that it is permissible to eat pork in case of necessity

Ruling that it is permissible to drink alcohol in moderation

Ruling that it is permissible to gamble

None of the above

Yes

No

It depends on the school of thought

None of the above

Hanafi

Maliki

Shafi'i

Hanbali

It is too subjective

It can lead to uncertainty in the law

It can be used to justify unjust decisions

All of the above

It is a necessary tool for adapting the law to changing circumstances

It allows judges to use their discretion in making decisions

It promotes justice and equity

All of the above

Yes

No

It depends on the circumstances

None of the above

Yes

No

It depends on the legal system

None of the above

Istihsan is based on analogy, while Qiyas is based on reason

Istihsan is used to extend the law to new cases, while Qiyas is used to restrict the law to specific cases

Istihsan is used to promote justice and equity, while Qiyas is used to ensure consistency in the law

None of the above

Yes

No

It depends on the country

None of the above

The lack of a clear methodology for applying Istihsan

The potential for abuse of Istihsan by judges

The difficulty in reconciling Istihsan with other sources of law

All of the above

Developing a clear methodology for applying Istihsan

Providing training to judges on the proper use of Istihsan

Encouraging judges to consult with scholars when applying Istihsan

All of the above