Supercapacitors store energy through the accumulation of electric charges at the interface between two electrodes and an electrolyte, a phenomenon known as double-layer capacitance.

Activated carbon is widely used as the electrode material in supercapacitors due to its high surface area, which provides numerous sites for charge storage.

Supercapacitors typically operate at low voltages, typically ranging from 1 to 2 volts.

Supercapacitors excel in their ability to charge and discharge rapidly, making them suitable for applications requiring quick energy bursts.

Supercapacitors have a lower energy density compared to batteries, meaning they can store less energy per unit volume or mass.

Supercapacitors are ideal for UPS systems due to their ability to provide short-term, high-power backup during power outages.

Supercapacitors typically have a long cycle life, with some models capable of enduring hundreds of thousands of charge/discharge cycles.

Developing high-performance supercapacitors involves addressing multiple challenges, including finding suitable electrode materials, improving electrolyte conductivity, and reducing internal resistance.

Researchers are exploring various approaches to improve the energy density of supercapacitors, including developing new electrode materials, optimizing electrode architecture, and utilizing electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity.

Supercapacitors can pose an explosion risk if they are subjected to excessive voltage or improper handling, leading to a sudden release of stored energy.

Supercapacitors are finding applications in various industries, including the automotive industry for hybrid and electric vehicles, the renewable energy industry for grid energy storage, and the consumer electronics industry for portable devices.

Supercapacitors contribute to environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and conserving natural resources through their long lifespan and ability to store energy from renewable sources.

Multiple government agencies in the United States, including the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), are actively funding research and development of supercapacitor technologies.

The global supercapacitor market is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15-20% in the coming years, driven by increasing demand from various industries.