S.C. Roy is widely regarded as the father of Indian anthropology. He was a pioneering anthropologist who conducted extensive fieldwork among the Munda tribes of Chotanagpur and published several influential works on their social and cultural life.

Physical anthropology is not a major subfield of Indian anthropology. The other three options, social anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology, are all major subfields of the discipline.

Participant observation, ethnography, and interviewing are all key methodological approaches in Indian anthropology. Participant observation involves the anthropologist living among the people they are studying and participating in their daily lives. Ethnography is the detailed description of a particular culture or group of people. Interviewing involves asking people questions about their lives and experiences.

Indian anthropology has made several major contributions to the field, including the concept of cultural relativism, the theory of structuralism, and the concept of the sacred and the profane. Cultural relativism is the idea that all cultures are valid and should be understood on their own terms. Structuralism is the idea that all cultures have underlying structures that can be analyzed and understood. The sacred and the profane are two fundamental categories of human experience that are found in all cultures.

Indian anthropology is facing several major challenges today, including the increasing influence of Western anthropology, the lack of funding for anthropological research, and the growing demand for anthropological expertise. The increasing influence of Western anthropology can lead to the marginalization of Indian anthropological perspectives. The lack of funding for anthropological research can make it difficult for anthropologists to conduct research and produce new knowledge. The growing demand for anthropological expertise can lead to anthropologists being spread too thin and unable to do their work effectively.