Data resolution refers to the level of detail or the smallest unit of measurement that can be represented in a geographic dataset.

A coarse data resolution represents a larger area or unit of measurement. In this case, 1 kilometer is a coarse resolution compared to the other options.

Data resolution and scale are inversely proportional. As the data resolution increases (becomes finer), the scale decreases (becomes smaller). This means that a finer resolution dataset will show more detail, while a coarser resolution dataset will show less detail.

The most common scale used in topographic maps is 1:24,000, which means that one unit on the map represents 24,000 units on the ground.

The choice of data resolution for a particular application can be influenced by several factors, including the purpose of the application, the availability of data, and the cost of data.

Resampling is the process of converting data from one scale to another. This can involve either increasing the resolution (upsampling) or decreasing the resolution (downsampling).

Smoothing is an example of a generalization operation. It involves removing small-scale variations in data to create a more generalized representation.

Overlay is the process of combining multiple data layers into a single layer. This can be done to identify relationships between different data sets or to create a more comprehensive view of an area.

Spatial join is an example of a data integration technique. It involves combining two or more data layers based on their spatial relationships.

Interpolation is the process of estimating values at unsampled locations based on the values at sampled locations. This can be done using a variety of methods, such as inverse distance weighting and kriging.

Inverse distance weighting, kriging, and splines are all examples of interpolation methods. These methods use different algorithms to estimate values at unsampled locations based on the values at sampled locations.

Data cleaning is the process of identifying and removing errors from data. This can involve a variety of tasks, such as correcting typos, removing duplicate records, and dealing with missing values.

Range checking, histogram analysis, and scatterplot analysis are all examples of data validation techniques. These techniques can be used to identify errors and inconsistencies in data.

Data conversion is the process of converting data from one format to another. This can involve changing the file format, the data structure, or the data encoding.

Normalization is an example of a data transformation technique. It involves rescaling data to a common range or distribution.