Dehydration involves removing moisture from food to prevent microbial growth and spoilage. This can be done through various methods such as sun drying, oven drying, or freeze drying.

Food preservation aims to prevent or slow down the deterioration of food, thereby extending its shelf life and making it available for consumption over a longer period.

Potassium sorbate is a chemical preservative commonly used to inhibit the growth of molds and yeasts in food products.

Canning involves heating food to a high temperature for a specific duration to kill microorganisms and create a vacuum seal, preventing recontamination.

Vacuum packing involves removing air from a food package to create an oxygen-free environment, thereby inhibiting the growth of aerobic microorganisms.

Refrigeration slows down the growth and activity of microorganisms by reducing the temperature, thereby extending the shelf life of food.

Smoking is a traditional method of preserving meat by exposing it to smoke from burning wood or other plant materials. This process imparts a unique flavor and aroma to the meat while also inhibiting microbial growth.

Food engineering involves the application of engineering principles to design and develop equipment and processes for the efficient and safe production, processing, and preservation of food.

Unit operations are fundamental steps or processes involved in food processing and preservation. Mixing, heating, cooling, and evaporation are common examples of unit operations.

Homogenization is a process that reduces the particle size of immiscible liquids or solids in a mixture, resulting in a uniform and smooth texture.

Ultra-high temperature (UHT) processing involves heating food to a very high temperature for a short duration to sterilize it and extend its shelf life.

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) involves replacing the air inside a food package with a mixture of gases, typically oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of the food.

Hurdle technology involves combining different preservation methods or factors to create multiple barriers against microbial growth and spoilage.

Food irradiation is a process that exposes food to ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms, bacteria, and parasites, thereby extending the shelf life and improving the safety of the food.

Freezing is a non-thermal method of food preservation that involves lowering the temperature of food to a point where microbial growth is inhibited.