The left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for language processing in most individuals, including speech production, language comprehension, and grammatical processing.

Broca's Area, located in the left frontal lobe, is responsible for speech production and articulation.

Wernicke's Area, located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in language comprehension, including the processing of spoken and written language.

Aphasia is a language disorder caused by damage to the language-dominant hemisphere, typically the left hemisphere, resulting in difficulties with speech production, comprehension, or both.

Broca's Aphasia, also known as expressive aphasia, is characterized by difficulty in producing speech, while comprehension is relatively preserved.

Wernicke's Aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia, is characterized by difficulty in understanding spoken or written language, while speech production is relatively preserved.

Anomic Aphasia is characterized by difficulty in naming objects or retrieving words, while speech production and comprehension are relatively preserved.

Agnosia refers to the inability to understand the meaning of words or sentences, despite preserved sensory perception.

The Angular Gyrus, located in the left parietal lobe, is involved in processing the meaning of words and sentences, as well as integrating information from different sensory modalities.

Apraxia refers to the inability to produce meaningful speech, despite preserved comprehension, due to difficulty in planning or executing motor movements for speech.

Broca's Area, located in the left frontal lobe, is involved in controlling the muscles used for speech production, including the muscles of the mouth, tongue, and larynx.

Alexia refers to the inability to read, despite preserved visual acuity and intelligence, due to damage to the brain regions involved in reading.

The Superior Temporal Gyrus, located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in processing the sounds of language, including phonemes and words.

Amusia refers to the inability to understand or produce music, despite preserved hearing and intelligence, due to damage to the brain regions involved in music processing.

The Superior Temporal Gyrus, located in the left temporal lobe, is involved in processing the rhythm and timing of language, as well as the prosody of speech.