Educational research is conducted to generate knowledge that can be used to improve educational practice and policy.

Action research is a type of research that is conducted by practitioners in order to improve their own practice.

Quantitative research uses numerical data, while qualitative research uses non-numerical data. Quantitative research is more objective than qualitative research, and quantitative research is more generalizable than qualitative research.

A literature review is conducted to identify gaps in the research literature, summarize the findings of previous research studies, and develop a theoretical framework for a research study.

A hypothesis is a statement that is tested in a research study, while a research question is a question that is explored in a research study. A hypothesis is more specific than a research question, and a hypothesis is more testable than a research question.

A research design is used to specify the methods that will be used to collect and analyze data, to ensure that the research study is valid and reliable, and to protect the rights of human subjects.

Validity refers to the accuracy of a research study, while reliability refers to the consistency of a research study. Validity and reliability are equally important in a research study.

Data analysis is used to organize and summarize data, to identify patterns and trends in data, and to test hypotheses.

Quantitative data analysis methods use numerical data, while qualitative data analysis methods use non-numerical data. Quantitative data analysis methods are more objective than qualitative data analysis methods, and quantitative data analysis methods are more generalizable than qualitative data analysis methods.

The purpose of a research report is to communicate the findings of a research study.

The three main types of school improvement models are technical, political, and cultural.

The role of leadership in school improvement is to create a vision for the school, to set goals for the school, to develop a plan for achieving the school's goals, and to monitor the school's progress towards its goals.

Some of the challenges of school improvement include lack of resources, resistance to change, and lack of collaboration.

Some of the key factors that contribute to successful school improvement include strong leadership, a clear vision for the school, and a supportive school culture.

The role of data in school improvement is to inform decision-making, to monitor student progress, and to identify areas for improvement.