TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a virtual connection between two hosts before sending data.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that is used for sending data in short bursts. It does not establish a connection before sending data, making it faster but less reliable than TCP.

IP (Internet Protocol) is the foundation of the internet and is responsible for routing data packets between devices on different networks. It provides a unique address (IP address) to each device connected to the internet.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring web pages and other resources from a web server to a client's browser. It is a request-response protocol where the client sends a request to the server, and the server responds with the requested resource.

DNS (Domain Name System) is used for translating domain names into IP addresses. When a user types a domain name in a web browser, DNS resolves the domain name into the corresponding IP address, allowing the browser to connect to the correct web server.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending email messages between mail servers. It is responsible for transferring email messages from the sender's mail server to the recipient's mail server.

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) is used for retrieving email messages from a mail server to a client's email application. It allows the client to download email messages from the server and store them locally.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is used for accessing email messages on a mail server without downloading them. It allows the client to view, search, and manage email messages directly on the server.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between two computers over a network. It allows users to upload and download files from a remote server.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is used for secure communication over the internet. It combines HTTP with TLS (Transport Layer Security) or SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) to encrypt data before transmission, ensuring privacy and security.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is used for routing data packets in a network. It is a distance-vector routing protocol that exchanges routing information between routers to determine the best path for data transmission.

Bonjour is a zero-configuration networking protocol that allows devices to discover and advertise services on a network without the need for manual configuration. It uses multicast DNS (mDNS) to broadcast service information, enabling devices to find and connect to services automatically.

NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used for synchronizing the time between computers in a network. It provides a reliable and accurate time reference, allowing devices to maintain consistent timekeeping.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is used for assigning IP addresses to devices on a network automatically. It simplifies network configuration by dynamically assigning IP addresses to devices, eliminating the need for manual configuration.

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) is used for transmitting voice and video data over a network, enabling real-time communication. It provides a standardized method for delivering real-time data with low latency and jitter.