Vikram Sarabhai is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program due to his pioneering efforts in establishing the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and laying the foundation for India's space exploration endeavors.

C. V. Raman is renowned for his discovery of the Raman Effect, which involves the inelastic scattering of light by molecules, leading to a change in its frequency. This phenomenon has wide applications in spectroscopy and material characterization.

S. N. Bose is credited with developing the Bose-Einstein statistics, which describes the statistical behavior of particles with integer spin, known as bosons. This theory has significant implications in quantum mechanics and is fundamental to understanding phenomena like superfluidity and superconductivity.

Homi J. Bhabha is renowned for his work on cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles originating from outer space. He established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and made significant contributions to the understanding of cosmic ray interactions and the development of particle physics in India.

Meghnad Saha is known for developing the Saha ionization equation, which describes the degree of ionization of atoms and molecules in a gas as a function of temperature and pressure. This equation has important applications in astrophysics and plasma physics.

Raja Ramanna is known for his contributions to nuclear physics and his role in India's nuclear program. He was the director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and played a crucial role in the development of India's nuclear weapons program.

V. Rajaraman is credited with developing the first indigenous Indian computer, the TDC-12, in 1970. This marked a significant milestone in India's journey towards self-reliance in the field of computing.

M. S. Swaminathan is known for his contributions to the Green Revolution, which involved the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, improved agricultural practices, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. His work led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity in India and other developing countries.

U. R. Rao is credited with developing the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched in 1975. This marked a major milestone in India's space program and paved the way for subsequent satellite missions and advancements in space technology.

Farooq Abdullah is known for his contributions to the development of renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind energy. He played a key role in establishing the National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) and promoting the use of renewable energy technologies in India.

Vijay Bhatkar is credited with developing the first Indian supercomputer, Param, in 1991. This marked a significant achievement in India's computing capabilities and laid the foundation for the development of more powerful supercomputers in the country.

G. P. Talwar is known for his contributions to the development of vaccines, including the indigenous rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac. His work has played a crucial role in reducing the incidence of rotavirus-related diseases in India and other developing countries.

S. Somanath is credited with developing the first Indian cryogenic engine for space applications. This engine is crucial for enabling satellites to reach higher orbits and has played a significant role in India's space program.

C. N. R. Rao is known for his contributions to nanotechnology and materials science. He has made significant advancements in the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, leading to the development of novel materials with unique properties and applications.

K. Sivan is credited with developing the first Indian indigenous navigation system, NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation). This system provides accurate positioning and navigation services to users in India and the surrounding region.