Melting point is a physical property that indicates the temperature at which an oil or fat changes from a solid to a liquid state.

Triglycerides are the main chemical component of oils and fats, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule.

Saturated fats contain fatty acids with all carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, resulting in a straight chain structure.

Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated oils to convert them into saturated fats, increasing their melting point and stability.

Iodine value measures the degree of unsaturation in oils and fats, indicating the amount of iodine that can be absorbed by the sample.

Saponification is the chemical reaction between oils or fats and alkali (such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) to produce soap and glycerol.

Acid value is a chemical property that measures the amount of free fatty acids present in oils or fats, indicating their acidity.

Refining is the process of removing impurities, such as gums, pigments, and free fatty acids, from oils and fats to improve their quality and stability.

Unsaturated fats contain fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in a kinked or bent structure.

Deodorization is the process of removing undesirable odors from oils and fats by heating them under vacuum to vaporize and remove volatile compounds.

Refractive index measures the bending of light as it passes through an oil or fat, providing information about its composition and purity.

Bleaching is the process of removing pigments and color compounds from oils and fats to improve their appearance and stability.

Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have undergone a chemical process called hydrogenation, converting some of their double bonds into single bonds, resulting in a straighter structure.

Hydrogenation is the process of converting liquid oils into solid or semi-solid fats by adding hydrogen to their double bonds, increasing their melting point and stability.

Smoke point measures the temperature at which an oil or fat begins to produce smoke, indicating its suitability for high-temperature cooking.