Causation

Cosmology

Ontology

Epistemology

Aristotle

Plato

Descartes

Hume

A necessary cause is a cause that is always followed by an effect, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is sometimes followed by an effect.

A necessary cause is a cause that is always followed by an effect, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is never followed by an effect.

A necessary cause is a cause that is sometimes followed by an effect, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is always followed by an effect.

A necessary cause is a cause that is never followed by an effect, while a sufficient cause is a cause that is sometimes followed by an effect.

The cosmological argument states that the universe must have a creator because it is orderly and complex.

The cosmological argument states that the universe must have a creator because it is infinite and eternal.

The cosmological argument states that the universe must have a creator because it is finite and temporal.

The cosmological argument states that the universe must have a creator because it is chaotic and disordered.

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does evil exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does suffering exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does injustice exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does death exist?

The ontological argument states that God must exist because the concept of God is a necessary truth.

The ontological argument states that God must exist because the universe is contingent.

The ontological argument states that God must exist because the universe is orderly and complex.

The ontological argument states that God must exist because evil exists.

The problem of circularity is that the ontological argument assumes the existence of God in order to prove the existence of God.

The problem of circularity is that the ontological argument assumes the non-existence of God in order to prove the existence of God.

The problem of circularity is that the ontological argument assumes the possibility of God in order to prove the existence of God.

The problem of circularity is that the ontological argument assumes the impossibility of God in order to prove the existence of God.

The teleological argument states that God must exist because the universe is designed and purposeful.

The teleological argument states that God must exist because the universe is orderly and complex.

The teleological argument states that God must exist because the universe is contingent.

The teleological argument states that God must exist because evil exists.

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does evil exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does suffering exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does injustice exist?

The problem of evil is that if God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving, then why does death exist?

The free will defense states that evil exists because God gave humans free will.

The free will defense states that evil exists because God is not all-powerful.

The free will defense states that evil exists because God is not all-knowing.

The free will defense states that evil exists because God is not all-loving.

The problem of suffering is that if God gave humans free will, then why do innocent people suffer?

The problem of suffering is that if God gave humans free will, then why do animals suffer?

The problem of suffering is that if God gave humans free will, then why do children suffer?

The problem of suffering is that if God gave humans free will, then why do the elderly suffer?

The evidential argument from evil states that the existence of evil is evidence against the existence of God.

The evidential argument from evil states that the existence of evil is evidence for the existence of God.

The evidential argument from evil states that the existence of evil is evidence for the existence of a devil.

The evidential argument from evil states that the existence of evil is evidence for the existence of a multiverse.

The problem of hiddenness is that evil is often hidden from view.

The problem of hiddenness is that evil is often difficult to explain.

The problem of hiddenness is that evil is often difficult to justify.

The problem of hiddenness is that evil is often difficult to overcome.

The fine-tuning argument states that the universe is fine-tuned for life, and that this fine-tuning is evidence for the existence of God.

The fine-tuning argument states that the universe is fine-tuned for life, and that this fine-tuning is evidence for the existence of a multiverse.

The fine-tuning argument states that the universe is fine-tuned for life, and that this fine-tuning is evidence for the existence of a devil.

The fine-tuning argument states that the universe is fine-tuned for life, and that this fine-tuning is evidence for the existence of aliens.

The problem of naturalism is that it is difficult to explain how the universe could be fine-tuned for life without the existence of God.

The problem of naturalism is that it is difficult to explain how the universe could be fine-tuned for life with the existence of God.

The problem of naturalism is that it is difficult to explain how the universe could be fine-tuned for life without the existence of a multiverse.

The problem of naturalism is that it is difficult to explain how the universe could be fine-tuned for life with the existence of a multiverse.