Observation in documentary filmmaking aims to capture real-life events and experiences as they unfold, allowing the audience to witness the subject's actions and interactions without manipulation or interference.

Controlled observation, where the filmmaker actively influences or manipulates the subject's behavior, is not a typical observational technique in documentary filmmaking. The goal is to capture natural and authentic moments without interfering with the subject's actions.

In observational documentary filmmaking, the observer's role is to maintain a detached and objective stance, allowing the subject's actions and experiences to unfold naturally without influencing or manipulating them.

The Cove is a documentary film that uses observational techniques to expose the dolphin hunting practices in Taiji, Japan. The filmmakers employed hidden cameras and underwater footage to capture the events without interfering with the subject's actions.

Filmmakers using observational techniques should consider obtaining informed consent from subjects, protecting the privacy of individuals, and avoiding any actions that may cause harm or distress to the subjects.

Observational techniques can contribute to the authenticity and credibility of a documentary film by capturing candid moments, allowing the audience to form their own interpretations, and providing a sense of immediacy and realism.

Filmmakers using observational techniques may face challenges such as gaining access to private spaces, building trust with subjects, and balancing objectivity with emotional involvement.

Observational techniques can be used to explore social and cultural issues in a documentary film by capturing everyday life and interactions, highlighting social inequalities and injustices, and providing a platform for marginalized voices.

Observational techniques play a significant role in preserving historical events and cultural practices by providing a firsthand account of events, helping document traditions and customs, and contributing to the collective memory of a community.

Observational techniques can be used to create a sense of intimacy and connection between the audience and the subject by allowing the audience to witness private moments, capturing the subject's emotions and reactions, and providing a sense of immediacy and presence.

Lack of informed consent is not a common ethical concern associated with observational documentary filmmaking. Filmmakers typically obtain informed consent from subjects before filming, ensuring that they are aware of the purpose of the film and how their participation will be used.

Observational techniques can be used to challenge traditional narratives and perspectives by providing alternative viewpoints, exposing hidden realities, and giving voice to marginalized communities.

Editing plays a crucial role in observational documentary filmmaking, allowing filmmakers to shape the narrative and structure of the film, remove unnecessary footage and tighten the pacing, and enhance the emotional impact of the film.

Observational techniques can be used to create a sense of voyeurism in the audience by capturing intimate moments without the subject's knowledge, placing the audience in the position of a hidden observer.

Observational techniques in documentary filmmaking can be time-consuming and expensive, may not always yield usable footage, and can be challenging to edit and structure.