The mind-body problem is primarily concerned with the relationship between mental phenomena, such as consciousness, intentionality, and emotion, and physical phenomena, such as brain activity and behavior.

Dualism is the philosophical position that the mind and the body are two distinct substances. This view is often contrasted with physicalism, which holds that the mind is a product of the physical brain.

Physicalism is the philosophical position that the mind is a product of the physical brain. This view is often contrasted with dualism, which holds that the mind and the body are two distinct substances.

Monism is the philosophical position that the mind and the body are one and the same substance. This view is often contrasted with dualism, which holds that the mind and the body are two distinct substances.

Behaviorism is the philosophical position that the mind is nothing more than the brain's activity. This view is often contrasted with physicalism, which holds that the mind is a product of the physical brain.

The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how physical processes in the brain can give rise to conscious experience. This problem is often contrasted with the easy problem of consciousness, which is the problem of explaining the neural correlates of consciousness.

The qualia problem is the problem of explaining the subjective character of conscious experience. This problem is often contrasted with the hard problem of consciousness, which is the problem of explaining how physical processes in the brain can give rise to conscious experience.

Thomas Nagel is most closely associated with the argument from qualia, which is an argument against physicalism based on the subjective character of conscious experience.

John Searle is most closely associated with the Chinese room argument, which is an argument against strong artificial intelligence based on the idea that a computer could not truly understand Chinese even if it were able to pass the Turing test.

Giulio Tononi is most closely associated with the theory of integrated information, which is a theory of consciousness that proposes that consciousness is a fundamental property of complex systems that exhibit integrated information.

Alfred North Whitehead is most closely associated with the theory of panpsychism, which is the view that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter.

C. D. Broad is most closely associated with the theory of emergentism, which is the view that consciousness is an emergent property of complex systems that cannot be reduced to the properties of their constituent parts.

Francisco Varela is most closely associated with the theory of enactivism, which is a theory of consciousness that proposes that consciousness is a process of active engagement with the environment.

Ned Block is most closely associated with the theory of phenomenal consciousness, which is a theory of consciousness that proposes that consciousness is a distinct phenomenon from other mental states, such as beliefs and desires.

Susan Blackmore is most closely associated with the theory of access consciousness, which is a theory of consciousness that proposes that consciousness is a process of accessing information from the brain.